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A product key, also known as a software key, is a specific software-based key for a computer program. It certifies that the copy of the program is original. Activation is sometimes done offline by entering the key, or with software like Windows 8.1, online activation is required to prevent multiple people using the same key. Not all software has a product key, as some publishers may choose to use a different method to protect their copyright, or in some cases, such as free or open source software, copyright protection is not used.
Computer games use product keys to verify that the game has not been copied without authorization. Likewise, one is not allowed to play online with two identical product keys at the same time.
Product keys consist of a series of numbers and/or letters. This sequence is typically entered by the user during the installation of computer software, and is then passed to a verification function in the program. This function manipulates the key sequence according to a mathematical algorithm and attempts to match the results to a set of valid solutions.
Effectiveness[edit]
Standard key generation, where product keys are generated mathematically, is not completely effective in stopping copyright infringement of software, as these keys can be distributed. The overall effectiveness of product keys in enforcing software copyrights requires further study. In addition, with improved communication from the rise of the Internet, more sophisticated attacks on keys such as cracks (removing the need for a key) and product key generators have become common.
Because of this, software publishers are increasingly turning to alternative methods of verifying that keys are both valid and uncompromised. One method, product validation, assigns a product key based on a unique feature of the purchaser's computer hardware (such as its MAC address), which cannot be as easily duplicated since it depends on the user's hardware. Other newer methods may involve requiring periodical validation of the CD key with an internet server (for games with an online component, this is done whenever the user signs in). The validation can then be performed on the server side, preventing cracks tampering with it (as they do on the client side). The server can also keep a blacklist of all CD keys known to be invalid or which have explicitly been banned, and deny them access.
Controversy[edit]
Some of the most effective CD key protection is very controversial, due to inconvenience, strict enforcement, harsh penalties and, in some cases, false positives. CD key protection has been linked to Digital Rights Management,[by whom?] in that it uses uncompromising digital procedures to enforce the license agreement.
Inconvenience[edit]
Product keys are somewhat inconvenient for end users. Not only do they need to be entered whenever a program is installed, but the user must also be sure not to lose them. Loss of a product key usually means the software is useless once uninstalled.
Product keys also present new ways for distribution to go wrong. If a product is shipped with missing or invalid keys, then the CD itself is useless. For example, all copies of Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow originally shipped to Australia without CD keys.[1]
Enforcement and penalties[edit]
There are many cases of permanent bans enforced by companies detecting usage violations. It is common for an online system to immediately blacklist a CD key caught running cracks or, in some cases, cheats. This results in a permanent ban. Players who wish to continue use of the software must repurchase it. This has inevitably led to criticism over the motivations of enforcing permanent bans.[citation needed]
Particularly controversial is the situation which arises when multiple products' keys are bound together. If products have dependencies on other products (as is the case with expansion packs), it is common for companies to ban all bound products. For example, if a fake CD key is used with an expansion pack, the server may ban legitimate CD keys from the original game. Similarly, with Valve's Steam service, all products the user has purchased are bound into the one account. If this account is banned, every product will be banned from online play.[2]
High-level processes are broken into smaller steps and the tasks required to accomplish the step. 
This concept is also referred to as “dependencies”. Typically a SOP document starts by stating the purpose and objectives for the process then gets more detailed and fine-grained.
This 'multi-ban' is highly controversial, since it bans users from products which they have legitimately purchased and used.[citation needed]
False positives[edit]
Bans are enforced by servers immediately upon detection of cracks or cheats, usually without human intervention. Sometimes, legitimate users are wrongly deemed in violation of the license, and banned. In large cases of false positives, they are sometimes corrected (as happened in World of Warcraft.[3]) However, individual cases may not be given any attention.[citation needed]
A common cause of false positives (as with the World of Warcraft case above) is users of unsupported platforms. For example, users of Linux can run Windows applications through compatibility layers such as Wine and Cedega. This software combination sometimes triggers the game's server anti-cheating software, resulting in a ban due to Wine or Cedega being a Windows API compatibility layer for Linux, so it is considered third-party (cheating) software by the game's server.[4][citation needed]
Recovery of keys[edit]
A key recovery program is a program that is designed to read and decrypt and/or de-obfuscate the key to its original state. When the key is returned to its original state, it may be used to reinstall its corresponding software.[5]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^Australian Pandora Tomorrow CD-Key ProblemsShack News
- ^'Valve suspends 20,000 Steam accounts'. GameSpot. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
- ^Blizzard Unbans Linux World of Warcraft PlayersSoftpedia
- ^Linux users banned from Diablo 3- End Gamers
- ^http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/product_cd_key_viewer.html
The Ultimate Guide to Windows 8.1 product key
If you have been searching for Windows 8.1 Pro product key in vain and you have been wondering where to get it then you have landed on the article that will guide you on everything regarding Windows 8.1 Pro product key, windows 8.1 product key or the later versions of Windows Operating system.
Actually, Windows 8.1 product key is simply an updated version of the Windows 8 Operating System. With that in mind, it then makes sense that you understand a bit about the previous Windows before we embark on the Windows 8.1 and its product key.
The license keys to activate Windows 8.1 Pro build 9600 32/64 bit
4WDDN-dfjdiw-DFKS-DFEOFE-DFKE
4WPNB-F8F68-P2RYR-REDOK-33R9V
6P3RV-NKC86-WKBPP-DFKLDO-WW8XV
6W4NX-R4K9W-2HGYR-7XYDB-DFKJDK
CGWVF-N3VMK-DFKDLE-MBB9Y-MY2KV
D46QW-N3M4H-RY93J-DPMPY-DFJKDWS
QGQN6-KVGDF-3RYWW-DFJKDI-88CKV
QHRT7-BNHCX-W43BC-DFJKDIW-K4PKV
TXPW4-R4NQM-44JJ2-DFJKDIW-M7RDH
W8NRD-JQY8C-MYKKG-HYJK6-DFJKSIW
CQ2PJ-DFJK93-T3RBP-NMWJH-2RYRQ
JRMHB-9F327-DFJKDIW-4T9KR-DJXWD
4PQWW-PPNY7-DFKDOE-V6C4T-FVRFQ
9DDD3-84PXF-DFKLWO-3PV8Q-G8XWD
TWHQX-8CH4Y-3RKWOD-VD7MG-WW8Y3
What is special about Windows 8?
As a modern Operating System, Windows 8 has the following novel peculiarities:
- Metro style
- Simple to use
- An interactive desktop tile.
- SkyDrive integration
- Enhanced Windows Store.
- A split-screen Application
- Enhanced application search functionality-Live or standby syncing system
- Quick boot
- In-built Xbox games
- Updated Internet Explorer and antivirus program.
Windows 8 product key was the real next-generation Operating system. it turned out as the first option Operating system for many people. This can be majorly attributed to its user-friendliness and the fact that it is appealing to the eye. Actually, the desktop came fresh with interactive tiles.
Microsoft changed the way Windows appeared with the launching of Windows 8. The brand-new metro fashion tiled interface ultimately became the trusted desktop style. In fact, even the modern version of Windows has evolved on this particular style that Windows 8 launched for the first time.
As we have said earlier, Windows 8.1 is an upgraded version of the previous version (Windows 8). That implies that you can either install Windows 8.1 or upgrade your Windows from 8 to 8.1.
So, how do you find Windows 8?
Again, if you are running a legit copy of Windows 7 on your machine, you can get a free and genuine upgrade to Windows 8 right from Microsoft. Alternatively, you might have to buy a copy Windows and meet the license fee. Usually, your Windows 8 activation key will be incorporated into the purchase.
In case you are qualified for a Windows 8 upgrade, below is how to perform it.
i). On your PC, run the WUA (Windows Upgrade Assistant)
ii). Your PC’s hardware will then be determined by the upgraded wizard
iii). You will be prompted to download the updated files in case your computer satisfies the minimum system specifications.
iv). This will take a while before Windows downloads and begins the installation of the updated files.
In case you are not qualified for the free upgrade, your alternatives are as follows.
i). Purchase Windows from Microsoft and then install it with use of the activation key comes with it.
ii). Purchase a computer that has an already installed Windows.
iii). Acquire a free copy of the Windows then install it with use of a free serial number.
Why do you require a Windows 8 Pro product key?
If you attempt to install Windows 8, you will be asked for a product key. Without that, you will not be in a position to continue with the installation of the Windows. However, you may not be aware of a product key and even how to obtain it. Really, you do not have to bother since we shall cover that shortly.
In case you do not have a Windows 8 Pro key, installing and activating Windows becomes a challenge. Luckily, you can find a key for free. As an alternative, you can choose to install Windows with a universal key and proceed to use it without necessarily activating it. Although that may sound easy and cheap, it will limit its features and you will not get much from the operating system.
If your machine is not running Windows 8 and you need to install Windows 8.1, you will have to obtain a Windows 8.1 product key. As stated before, the Windows 8 operating system has a lot of great features. Nevertheless, Windows 8.1 has some additional features which even make it more appealing than Windows 8.
Brand-new enhancements to Windows 8.1
Just before you try to use a Windows 8.1 Pro product key, let us go through the captivating features of Windows. Here are some ideas why you might need to install or upgrade/update to this latest version of Windows.
- Fresh features
- Brand-new applications
- New video and music applications
- Enhanced Internet Explorer
- Enhanced power shell for improved security and stability
- This new version comes with SkyDrive
- Improved system-wide search
- Updated app store with several bugs now solved.
- Numerous added peculiarities associated with the user interface.
- New features meant for customization.
- Bugs related to living tile resizing and application snapping fixed.
Latest technologies
- a) The Windows 8.1 supports Resilient File System (ReFS)
b) It supports DirectX 11.2
c) Integrated provision for 3D printing
Where you to get the Windows 8.1 product key.
If you are not familiar with a Windows 8.1 product key is, it resembles this.
PRODUCT KEY: XXXXX-XXXXX- XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
The serial keys which are 25-character can be obtained in the following places.
i). In case you acquired a PC with Windows already installed, your Windows 8.1 product key is written on a sticker that is on your CPU.
ii). If you purchased your personal computer from an approved dealer, request them for the Windows 8.1 product key
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iii). If you purchased an operating system DVD or CD, the Windows 8.1 Pro product key ought to be in a card in your product box.
iv). If you purchased a digital copy of the Windows, your Windows 8.1 key will be mailed to you in the account you gave at the purchase time for your copy of Windows.
v). If you have already installed Windows with a product key but you have forgotten the key then you have to download a key finder program and utilize it to recover the Windows 8.1 product key
Windows 8.1 product key activation procedure
- Close all the running programs
- Click on the Start button and Open the Run application
- After the above, a dialogue box with a text box will appear.
- Key in the text “slui 2” then click Enter
- An activation window will start and you will be prompted to key in a Windows 8.1 Pro product key.
- Key in a valid Windows 8.1 Pro product key and your OS will automatically attempt to activate Windows
With the appropriate Windows 8.1 Pro product key, activating your copy of Windows should just take a couple of minutes. Note that your internet speed will always determine how faster this will happen. After a successful installation, you will have full access to the previously discussed features of this latest version of Windows. To that point, the process may seem tiresome but ultimately, you will realize that the juice is worth the squeeze
Screenshot of activated Windows 8.1 Pro: